Baseball The Origin Theory

Baseball: The Origin Theory Every day baseball becomes more and more popular. The eternal love to this amazing sport starts with simple collecting baseball cards and watching Sunday games on TV and very often it can turn in internationally known fame of number one baseball player. People are fond of baseball game, but too rarely do they pay attention to the history of its appearance. Let’s try to find out as much as we can about the origin of baseball. It is usually said in different sources that the origin of this game is unknown. People believe in many theories and we will take a closer look to some of them. According to one of them, baseball game is some sort of transformation of the British game of cricket. The other theory is quit legendary. According to it, there was a boy who one day was chased by some elder kids. Once they began to throw rocks at him, they boy hit one of the rocks with the walking stick he had. Everyone was amazed and the kids got the idea of a new game. They took their walking sticks and started having fun throwing and hitting rocks. Apart from the two theories described above, there was one more hypothesis of the appearance of this popular game. It took place in 1831 when the mother of a boy whose name was Abner decided to make a little scrap leather ball. While making a new toy for her son, the woman used old yarn and thread. Together with his mother Abner wanted to go outside and play game called â€Å"catch†. But very soon the boy got tired and bored of constant throwing and started thinking about hitting the ball. With the help of a stick he could hit the boy as far as it was possible. The majority of baseball fans beyond doubt believe this theory to be a truthful one. But nowadays it’s up to you to believe in them or not. Anyway, you can easily create your own. Everything’s in your own hands!

Olive Senior - 2649 Words

Personal Information Born Olive Marjorie Senior on December 23, 1941, in Jamaica; immigrated to Canada, 1991. Education: Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada), B.S., journalism, 1967. Career Daily Gleaner newspaper, Jamaica, reporter and sub-editor; Jamaica Information Service, information officer, 1967-69; Jamaica Chamber of Commerce, public relations officer, 1969-71; JCC Journal, editor, 1969-71; Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, Jamaica, publications editor, 1972-77; Social and Economic Studies, editor, 1972-77; freelance writer and researcher, part-time teacher in communications, publishing consultant, and speech writer, Jamaica, 1977-82; Institute of Jamaica Publications, managing editor,†¦show more content†¦Her first published work was titled The Message Is Change: A Perspective on the 1972 General Elections, and she also penned a series of educational booklets on Jamaican heritage for school children. Garnered Top Literary Prizes Senior was also writing poetry during this time, and her efforts began to appear in print. She gained an impressive measure of recognition with seven poems which were included in a seminal 1980 volume, Jamaica Woman: An Anthology of Poems, the first such survey of Caribbean women poets. While employed as managing editor for the Institute of Jamaica Publications, she published her first collection of verse, Talking of Trees. The 1986 work showed many of the hallmarks of Seniors later literary style, blending the personal and the political in a language that retained a strong Caribbean flavor. Seniors poems are often elegant and spare, eschewing heavy rhythmic stresses or rhyme schemes, noted Denise deCaires Narain in an essay for the Dictionary of Literary Biography. Her touch is always sure when the speakers in her poems, as is often the case, use the speech rhythms and idiom of Jamaican creole. In one of the poems in Talking of Trees, Colonial Girls School, she describes a curriculum of Latin and Shakespeare, one that told us nothing about ourselves ... / There was nothing of our landscape there / Nothing about us at all. Senior also wrote of the island and its natural riches in MeditationShow MoreRelatedMeditation on Yellow by Olive Senior628 Words   |  3 PagesMeditation on Yellow Olive Senior is a Jamaican poet who explores Caribbean history. Her poetry often conveys her displeasure of colonization and the suffering Caribbean people endured. Meditation on Yellow explores the colonization and exploitation process carried out by the Europeans. This poem strong conveys Senior discontentment as it relates to the exploitation of the land and the Amerindian tribe. It through the use of symbolism, language and repetition the brutality of colonizationRead MoreEssay on Marketing of Turkish Olive Oil to the Uk Market6062 Words   |  25 PagesMARKETING OF TURKISH OLIVE OIL TO THE UK MBA, INTERNATIONAL MARKETING SUBMITTED TO DR. MIKE KEARSLEY BY MELEK ISLEK 11.04.2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 3 1. INTERNATIONAL MARKETING OF TURKISH OLIVE OIL 4 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................Read MoreDarden Restaurant Financial Analysis4050 Words   |  17 PagesExchange, Darden (DRI) is the parent company of Red Lobster, The Olive Garden, the now-defunct China Coast concept, and a new â€Å"Floribbean† concept: Bahama Breezes. Throughout its existence, as a part of General Mills, Pillsbury, or on its own as DRI, Darden has made waves throughout the restaurant industry. The thought processes behind the introduction of a concept are considered revolutionary, as exemplified by the strategy behind The Olive Garden and Bahama Breezes. While Darden has not had theRead MoreIn the short story collection: Summer Lightning by Olive Senior, the child is a major device for analyzing the society which disrupts and destroys its world. Discuss using at least 3 stories.1825 Words   |  8 PagesIt is a clear vision through which the irrationalities of adults [and] the inequities in society ... are expressed. Olive Senior, in her collection of short stories Summer Lightning, uses child protagonists to highlight and criticize many aspects of the society they are raised in, and the destructive quality these have on the innocent world of the child. In Love Orange, Senior uses symbolism to highlight the tragedy of the loss of childhood innocence due to the experiences and harsh reality ofRead MoreMovie Analysis : Brings Me A Surprise 1102 Words   |  5 Pagestells a story about Olive, a little seven-year-old girl with big glasses and a big abdomen, who has one wish in life: to be considered for the finals of the Little Miss Sunshine Pageant in Redondo Beach, CA. When her big chance comes at the most unexpected time, it s up to her unbelievably fractured family to pull themselves together and make it happen for her, no matter what it takes. As we can see, the trip is full of ‘surprises’: their VW van broke down; little poor Olive was once left in theRead MoreNegotiating Is A Hard, Un Bending Stance1064 Words   |  5 Pagespart time and full time employees noting disparities in salary, company benefits and retirement. During the work stoppage, UPS officials realized that a worldwide strike would hurt not only the bottom line but would damage their public image. UPS senior leadership would eventually use the Best Alternative to Negotiating an Agreement-â€Å"BATNA†, an acronym coined by the authors Fisher and Ury â€Å"Getting to Yes†, to satisfy all parties concerned. Another historical example highlights what Authors FisherRead MoreDeveloping A Well Balanced Diet927 Words   |  4 Pagesthat was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 10 percent of the seniors living in residential communities are anemic (iron deficient). Senior care education related to diet and nutrition in conjunction with caregiver training may help reduce the number of iron deficient seniors living in residential facilities. Malnutrition and Vitamin Deficiencies Within the Senior Community While symptoms directly related to malnutrition are rarely seen in the elderly (e.g., scurvy)Read MoreProject Analysis : Comptia Project + And Pmp928 Words   |  4 Pages CompTIA Project+ VS PMP Kim, Han Saem University Of Mount Olive CompTIA is a non-profit industry that certifies individuals so it can supply trained employees to a demanding computing information technology industry. CompTIA provides multiple selections of certifications such as, A+, Network+, Security+, CASP +, Server +, and more in order to prepare the individuals for the workforce. The CompTIA Project +, which is one of the popular certification on compTIA, is an exam designedRead MoreA Description Of Lafayette728 Words   |  3 Pagesintersection of Highway 49 and Interstate 10. It’s 15 miles west of the Atchafalaya Basin and 35 miles to the north of the Gulf of Mexico. * Walkability score of 42. Most errands will require transportation. * Average age is 33 years old. * There are three senior housing facilities in Lafayette, LA 70508. This includes The Brookdale, Garden View and Colonial Oaks. Brookdale has received numerous outstanding reviews and has received an award from SeniorAdvisor.com for consistent, exceptional reviews. * AverageRead MoreSteve Mcnair And The Hall Of Fame1326 Words   |  6 Pageswas one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time and perhaps could have been in the Hall of Fame. You will learn about his life, family, career and why he wasn’t able to make it to the Hall of Fame. Steve McNair was born on February 14, 1973 in Mt. Olive Mississippi. He was the son of Selma and Lucille McNair. When he was young, his father left the family. His mother, Lucille, raised the 5 boys on her own in a ramshackle house. She toiled as a factory worker and money was limited. She instilled loyalty

Corporate Entrepreneurship Changing Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Entrepreneurship for Changing Perspectives. Answer: Expected deliverables of the assignment: Background of the research: This research paper is primarily concerned with the theories and philosophies behind the behavior of entrepreneur. This theories and behaviors have significant impact on the personality of the entrepreneur. On the other hand, there are several types of entrepreneurs, with the help of gathered data, researcher can able to identify the category of the Omani Entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are playing major role in order to start a new and innovative business (Acs, 2010). One of the successful Omani Entrepreneur is Badar Al-Ismaili. He is well-known for his new ventures and ideas. He has incorporated several business ideas in his business. This new ideas are helping the entrepreneur to sustain the competitive position of the organization in the global competitive market. Rationale of the research: Rationale of the research is going to depict the reason behind conducting this research. This research paper is going to analyze the ideas and point of view of a well-known Omani entrepreneur, Badar Al-Ismaili. Like other nation, Oman is also suffering from the price changes in oil industry. Most of the other nations of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the sultans of Oman is also suffering due to decline of price over the past few tears. Even in 2015, the country has seen that the revenue of the country goes down by 50%. From the budget of Oman, it has been seen that the project deficits of IMR 3.3 billion (Al-Dhiyabi, 2012). At this vulnerable and dire situation, most of the sultans of Oman are thinking of starting a new business to sustain their position in the competitive market. They have come up with new ideas and they are very positive about those ideas. The optimistic and enthusiastic ideas of the entrepreneurs are helping the Oman sultans to contribu te in the growth of the nation. Those ideas are quite simple and impressive (Boulton and Turner, 2005). In this research paper, researcher is going to conduct an interview for Badar Al-Ismaili in order to understand success mantra of this Omani entrepreneur. Researcher is going to raise a questionnaire, the aim of the questionnaire is to understand the theories, and practices related entrepreneurship. With the help of the literature, researcher can able to understand there are different types of entrepreneur. From the answer of the questions, researcher can categorize Badar Al-Ismailis category (Burch, 2006). On the other hand, literature search also helps the researchers to understand the possible similarities and differences between these methods of management. The questions are going to ask Badar Al-Ismaili to understand his strategies (Bygrave and Zacharakis, 2008). Questionnaire: 1. What are the theories and philosophies adopted by you in order to get success in the field of entrepreneur business? 2. How can you differentiate among various types of entrepreneurs? 3. What is your point of view regarding the differences among the methods of management? Approaches towards solution: In order to get accurate results researcher is going to take help of literature search. Literature review is the integrals part of every research paper. To collect information on the specific topic, research is going to take help of several journals, books and articles (Carsrud and Brannback, 2007). With the help of scholarly journals, articles and books, researcher is going to collect contradictory views of the previous scholars. This is not just the summary of the paper rather it is a systematic analysis of the paper in synthesize way. There are several factors, on which researcher should work on. Role of entrepreneurship: Before going deep into the study, it is necessary to understand the role of the entrepreneurs in the complex business environment. Entrepreneurs are playing significant role in the economic development. In accordance with Clark, (2006), Economic development is showing that the income of the company is increasing continuously and entrepreneur is playing a significant role. In the market of economy, the entrepreneur is occupying the central position. Society is prospering with the help of the entrepreneurs and activities of the entrepreneurs. By the virtue of Drucker, (2005), the activities of entrepreneurs are the critical determinants of the success level, growth level and opportunity level of any country. The most dynamic society has most entrepreneurs; therefore, society should have legal structure and economic structure. Omani entrepreneurship: Gautam (2007) depicted that due to severe downfall in the price of oil, most of the Oman countries are suffering from the economic crisis. In order to sustain the business position, most of the sultans are trying to open new ventures with an optimistic attitude. Omanis sultans are committed in making different business in their country. Different types of business are helping protecting their income and for them it is a safest way to rejuvenate the economic development of country (Kamoonpuri, 2014). They are relentless in adopting the change. Since SME Development Symposium, the focus is entirely upon the Omans Ecosystem for Entrepreneurs. Theories and practices on entrepreneurship Several theories on entrepreneurship help in depicting the models of entrepreneurship. In accordance with the Cantillons Theory, entrepreneur is one of the production factors. In this theory, an agent has to take risk and equilibrates the demand and supply of the economy. Marshalls Approach to Entrepreneurship: according to Kaushik and Bhatnagar (2009), Marshall is well-known for creating equilibrium entrepreneur. According to this theory, the modern entrepreneurs are unable of meeting the demand of the society and they are incapable of playing the role of the entrepreneurs. With the help of the Neo-classical theory and Marshallian analysis, researcher is trying to explain the equilibrium condition of the market. Along with that, there are several theories like; The Social Enterprise Schools, Schultz Approach, Kirzners Alert Entrepreneur and Knights Approach are the specific approaches for understating entrepreneurship. Different types of entrepreneurs There are different types of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurs are techno entrepreneurs, serial entrepreneurs, intra entrepreneurs and minority entrepreneurs. This section is primarily concerned with the differences of various types of entrepreneurship. Techno-entrepreneurs are mostly accustomed with the technologically intensive environments. These businesses mainly based on the rich conceptual and empirical contributions (Kuratko, 2006). On the other hand, Keister, (2005) stated that serial entrepreneurs are always come up with new ideas and thoughts. They are typically against of the conventional entrepreneurs. The serial entrepreneurs always come up with new ideas and later transfer those ideas to someone else. Intra-entrepreneurs are mainly the employees of the company. The employees are entitled to work on a project, which started up by the entrepreneurs. The owner of the small business is known as the minority entrepreneurs. They own very little position in total business of the particular country. Research methods: Research method is the integral and inevitable part of every research project. It is playing diversified role in the research paper. In order to collect effective data for the organization, researcher has to take help of several approaches, strategies, designs and philosophies. It is the sole responsibility of the researcher to understand that actual process of collecting data. Research Philosophy: There are different types of research philosophies; among the several other researcher proposals, researcher is going to take help of the Interpretivisim Research Philosophy. With the help of this philosophy, researcher can able to interpret collected data from reliable sources (Kuratko, 2006). Research design: Qualitative questionnaire is going to be raised by the researcher. Along with that, researcher is going to take help of journals, articles to analyze the data. In particular, this research is an exploratory account of the Omani Entrepreneurship. Exploratory Research Design is helping in getting authentic data and it is helping in exploring collected information through questionnaire (Lambing and Kuehl, 2007). Research approach: There are three types of Research approaches Inductive, Deductive and Abductive. Researcher is going take help of the deductive research approach in order to present the data. To carry out the research positively, researcher is going to Deductive research approach. Research strategy: Here, researcher is going to consider Qualitative strategy in order to collect relevant data. The entire research is based on the analysis of the questionnaire. Exploratory research design has successful coordination with the Qualitative research strategy. In case of the qualitative research strategy, the result of the research is based on the scholars, journals and articles. Researcher is going to focus on the one person only; therefore, researcher will not take help of any statistical data (Mattingly, 2015). Data collection: In order to collect effective data, researcher is going to take help of the Secondary data collection methods. More specifically, it can be said that research will consider Secondary Qualitative Data Collection. Data sampling: For sampling, researcher will ask questions to one person only. Along with that, information from journals, articles and books is going to be analyzed in this paper. Non-probability sampling is the best methods for collecting data for the said topic. Open-ended questionnaire is going to be raised (Opportunities and challenges for Omani women entrepreneurs, 2015). Potential risk factors: At the time of collecting data, researcher may face several difficulties. Researcher has to abide by several ethical considerations and norms. Researcher may not able to collect relevant data from the literature sources. On the other hand, lack of corporation from the side of Badar Al-Ismaili can be possible risk factors (Rieple and Vyakarnam, 2004). While analyzing financial information of Badar Al-Ismaili, accurate data cannot be obtained. Questionnaire should be ethically correct so that it do not harm the respondent in any way. On the other hand, while completing this assignment, researcher can face money oriented and time oriented issues. Due to lack of time and money, researcher cannot able to complete the research. This research is entirely based on the secondary data collection; therefore, researcher has to go through several websites in order to collect data. Researcher should have sound knowledge on technology; otherwise, it will be difficult for the researcher to collect d ata (Ronen, 2003). Along with that, researcher should be selective at the time of selecting journals and articles. If any journal is not protected by Data Protection Act of 1998, then researcher should discard those data. Timeline and work breakdown (Gantt chart): Activity Duration (in days) Commencement of research paper 10 Collect data from journals, articles and books 22 Development of open ended questionnaire 7 Ask questions to the respondents 5 Analysis of secondary qualitative data 15 Conclude the research 20 Data Analysis Introduction In this section, researcher is going to analyze the data, which is collected from the literature review and open ended questionnaire. With the help of the questionnaire, researcher is trying to understand the different types of entrepreneurship. There are several theories and practices on the entrepreneurship (Sheth, 2010). Researcher has taken help of the Personal Entrepreneurial Competency Scoring (PECS) sheet in order to analyze the collected data from literature review. The researcher has asked three questions to the respondent in order to understand his point of view regarding the theories and practices of Omani entrepreneurship and the difference among different types of entrepreneurs. Discussion At the time of interviewing Mr.Badar Al-Ismail in his extravagant shop, it has been depicted that he was an optimistic person with full of enthusiasm. He was a good knowledge on entrepreneurship; therefore, he is succeeded in opening new business forums. He presented all the answer of the question with a smile and seriousness at that time (Shetty, 2004). His answers are definite help for the new start-up businessperson. What theories and philosophies of entrepreneurs are adopted by you in order to get success in the field of entrepreneur business? When Mr. Badar was asked for his point of view regarding the theories and practices on entrepreneurship, he had depicted that Marshalls Approach to Entrepreneurship is the best model for entrepreneurs. With the help of the model, he is succeeded in opening new businesses in Oman. After the oil price crisis in Oman, most of the large-scale organizations are suffering heavily. At that time, he has decided to open a business of computer device as he has technical knowledge. While running his business, he has taken help of the Marshalls Approach to Entrepreneurship. This approach is helping in maintaining the balance between loss and profit. On the other hand, this theory is focusing on the perspective of society. From this perspective, it has been seen that Mr. Badar is able to maintain relationship between the society and business. How can you differentiate among various types of entrepreneurs? When he had been asked about different types of entrepreneurs, he depicted that there are different types of entrepreneurs and among them, he chose Tech-entrepreneur over other entrepreneurship. Mr.Badar Al-Ismail has technical knowledge; therefore, it is the prime reason behind choosing techno entrepreneurship. Due to his IT knowledge, and his degree from College of Higher Technology with a bachelor degree on Computer Science, he had good knowledge on IT sector. He established a shop of computer device as he had good knowledge of technology. At the beginning period of his entrepreneurship, he had faced several difficulties due to the merciless giant computer companies in Oman (Women entrepreneurs in Oman: some barriers to success, 2015). What is your point of view regarding the differences among the methods of management? While answering this question, Mr.Badar Al-Ismail had stated that the management of the entrepreneurs should have in-depth knowledge on this particular aspect. Entrepreneurial characteristics are necessary for opening and running a business. On the other hand, he also stated that personal evaluation is necessary for running a business and it is one of the successful pillars for every entrepreneurial business. Mr.Badar Al-Ismail added that due to advancement of technology most of the business structures are mainly associated with the technology (Trivedi, 2010). Therefore, a techno entrepreneur needs lots of technical knowledge. He has depicted that the techno entrepreneur has to put lots of attention to their business rather other entrepreneurs. From the analysis of the questionnaires, books, journals and articles, it has been seen that entrepreneurs are playing major role in the economic development of the country. Mr. Badar has opened a new shop in the Muscat; after he has faced several difficulties and opened a new shop at Nizwa. With the help of effective policies and theories, Mr. Badar has successfully evaluated his business in the competitive market. Literature search is also helping in gathering knowledge regarding different types of entrepreneurs. Conclusion From the above analysis of the research, it can be understood that Mr.Badar Al-Ismaili is concentrating on the Long term Involvement in the entrepreneurship business. He had faced major challenges while starting a new business like merchandise problem (Sinha, 2006). Interviewing Mr.Badar Al-Ismaili is the greatest chance for the new businessperson in order to understand the prospect. He is running his business with proud. It has been understood that an entrepreneur should have characteristics in order to promote a new business References Acs, Z. (2010). Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries.Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 6(1), pp.1-68. Al-Dhiyabi, R. (2012).Transition of Oman from oil-based employment to SME-based employment. Boulton, C. and Turner, P. (2005).Entrepreneurship. Singapore: John Wiley Sons (Asia). Burch, J. (2006).Entrepreneurship. New York: Wiley. Bygrave, W. and Zacharakis, A. (2008).Entrepreneurship. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Carsrud, A. and Brannback, M. (2007).Entrepreneurship. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Clark, J. (2006). Freedom, Entrepreneurship and Economic Progress.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 15(1), pp.1-17. Drucker, P. (2005).Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York: Harper Row. Gautam, V. and Verma, V. (2007). Corporate Entrepreneurship: Changing Perspectives.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 6(2), pp.233-244. Kamoonpuri, H. (2014).Succes stories of Omani entrepreneurs. Kaushik, U. and Bhatnagar, S. (2009).Entrepreneurship. Jaipur: Aavishkar Publishers. Keister, L. (2005).Entrepreneurship. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Kirby, D. (2003).Entrepreneurship. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Kuratko, D. (2006). Corporate Entrepreneurship.Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 3(2), pp.151-203. Lambing, P. and Kuehl, C. (2007).Entrepreneurship. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mattingly, E. (2015). Dependent Variables in Entrepreneurship Research.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 24(2), pp.223-241. Opportunities and challenges for Omani women entrepreneurs. (n.d.). . Rieple, A. and Vyakarnam, S. (1994). Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Review.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 3(1), pp.1-20. Ronen, J. (2003).Entrepreneurship. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books. Ronen, J. (2003).Entrepreneurship. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books. Sheth, N. (2010). The Social Context of Entrepreneurship.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 19(2), pp.99-108. Shetty, P. (2004). Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship in Organisations.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13(1), pp.53-68. Sinha, T. (2006). Human Factors in Entrepreneurship Effectiveness.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 5(1), pp.23-39. Trivedi, C. (2010). A Social Entrepreneurship Bibliography.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 19(1), pp.81-85. Women entrepreneurs in Oman: some barriers to success. (2015).

Oppression, Sexual Harassment, and Employment

Introduction There are various factors which can be associated with an individual’s behavior or code of conduct since people tend to develop character traits and attitudes from what they either observe, experience or even associate with. The factors may be economic, social, cultural, political or even sociopolitical.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Oppression, Sexual Harassment, and Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the sociopolitical factors that may have either positive or negative impact on an individual are; Stereotyping, Prejudice, Racism, Discrimination, Sexism, Disenfranchisement, Oppression, Sexual harassment, Concept of the glass ceiling, Human/Civil rights, Homelessness, Unequal education, Unequal pay, Minimum wage, Health care, Slavery, Immigration, Ageism, and Employment. This paper will discuss some of the sociopolitical factors and their potential impact on psychologi cal development, distress, and behavior on a culturally diverse individual with much emphasis given to oppression, sexual harassment, and employment. Oppression Oppression can be defined as a brutal exercise carried on an individual where power and authority is involved. It usually affects ones body and mind as he or she tries to cope with the situation. Oppression is a broad concept and affects a majority of people in the society either directly or indirectly. It takes various forms depending on the situation and the particular unjust activity in question, for instance, classism, ageism, racism, sexism, homophobia, and ableism. Oppression is suffered by people of all ages from the young children, the youths to the elderly. Some children develop the attitude to accept oppression as a normal or acceptable issue from very early ages as their parents present the world as a bad place full of dangerous and hurtful people hence instilling fear in the children making them feel powerless an d without control of what may come their way. Oppression causes emotional distress and affects a person’s psychological development and in the long run determines the person’s conduct or behavior when faced with various situations in life. For example, fear instilled by the parents or adults to children makes a child get a wrong picture of the general world and any information got by the child is received wrongly making the child distressed and subsequent information is received in the same way forming a pattern.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The experience therefore becomes chronic and the individual acts in some illogical manner based on what he or she believes and in most cases may tend to revenge by oppressing others. Taking racism as a form of oppression, there could be discrimination of the blacks by the whites or vice versa. At early ages children tend to be very friendly to all people without discrimination, for instance, children of the whites have lots of love and affection towards their black servants and get distressed by their parents’ behavior of despising the blacks through their hateful talks with other whites. They usually develop a sense of guilt especially when their parents are in their presence as they have fun with the blacks. Some also develop fears towards things, for example, association with blacks as they observe their parent’s behavior and may end up avoiding or rejecting them in their entire life. Oppression operates in distress situations and observation or experience of oppression activities being carried out by those we honor and respect kills our morale of doing well to others. The distress patterns formed during early age through parents and other adults makes one to accept other oppressions in life and live as an oppressed individual. Sexism is also a form of oppression where one gender i s perceived as being superior to the other more often than not, the male. The women therefore grow up knowing that men should pursue the best education courses and therefore take up the best careers. Through the distress pattern developed from early age, the psychological development of women is affected negatively and they are forced to behave as less adequate as compared to the men. Most people who suffer from oppression acts usually exercise oppression on others and so the cycle continues as the oppressed learn to oppress others. In general, any form of oppression involves lack of respect and humanity by the oppressors towards the oppressed, and a feeling of powerlessness, low self esteem; self hate and self guilt in regard to the oppressor (Harris and Holdt, 1997). Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment can be defined as any form of physical or verbal conduct pertaining to indulgence in sex without consent. It can be done towards a particular individual or a group of persons in an institutional setting, for instance, in the workplace usually by a person in authority such as an employer. It generally involves sexual advances that interfere with the smooth running of activities in the working environment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Oppression, Sexual Harassment, and Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a form of sex discrimination as the person being sexually harassed usually has no feelings for the person involved and the sexual advances are unwelcome. The victims do not have consent to the sexual activities and is done through use force as the perpetrators considers the victims to be powerless for instance in terms of finances and even physical strength. It makes working uncomfortable to the employee as she or he becomes distressed and develops negative attitudes towards employers especially of the opposite sex. Sexual harassment can take two forms, where the se xual behavior in question is meant to be an exchange for an agreed benefit, for instance, a promotion in employment position or staying away from some form of punishment after committing an offence and where the sexual harassment is just meant to create an intimidating and unfavorable environment for the employee or any other person being harassed. Sexual harassment may also occur in academic institutions, for example, universities where lecturers and instructors take advantage of their power and authority to harass the female students. The lecturers and instructors often threaten to give low marks to the students if they deny them the sexual favors they ask for and in some instances, the students give in with the fear of bad academic performance. Most victims are women although there are some few incidents where men are harassed. This is because of the perception by the society that men should always dominate while women should be submissive making them more susceptible to this har assment. Most of the sexual harassment incidences go unreported for many reasons for example, the fear of convincing people since there is no evidence, the fear of revenge by the perpetrators, for instance, getting fired from job or demotion or failing in examinations, embarrassment and guilt and also lack of proper information on how to report such cases. Lack of reporting makes the effects of the problem even more severe as the victims are distressed by confiding in themselves and in most cases their psychological development is affected as the bad memories keep on recurring in their lives.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The victims’ behavior is affected by the experiences and they tend to develop fear and hatred towards people of the opposite sex especially their seniors as they see them as opportunists who are there to gain sexual satisfaction from them regardless of the consequences. It also have negative effects on an individual’s performance for example in school or work place, health due to psychological stress, career as there are always obstacles to its natural prosperity and also on the general livelihood as a person do not live according to his or her standards but under the influence of the perpetrators. Also one always have a guilt conscience and his or her social and sexual life is usually affected as most of the victims may opt never to be involved in sexual acts or develop phobia. Since sexual harassment is a major issue especially in work places, it should be under all circumstances be prevented by educating the employees on ways of identifying sexual advances and the b est way of dealing with such situations for example through speaking up and not giving chances for victimization. There should also be combined efforts of the society, the government, employers and employees towards combating this problem of sexual harassment (Jill, 2006). Employment Employment can be termed as a contract between an employer and an employee. The employer usually has control over the employees and governs their activities including payment. The employer may be the government for instance where employees are civil servants, a nongovernmental organization, a private institution or even an individual. Employment is very essential in each and every ones life as it is the means through which one gets a source of living through the finances received either as salary or wages and other benefits. It is also a source of identity and accomplishment. People go through education programs and systems with an aim of securing good employment opportunities after completion of their studies. Not all people are however lucky as some spend many years searching for jobs but in vain while others end up landing in poor and unsatisfying jobs, which distress them for their entire lifetime. Unemployment is a major issue in both developed and developing countries especially due to its impacts among those who lack job opportunities. It is a key cause of depression especially among the youths as their expectations are not met living them hopeless and vulnerable to criminal activities as a means of dealing with their disappointments in life. People generally are optimistic of getting job opportunities either for the first time or after losing their jobs but the hopes usually fades away with time bringing a sense of low self esteem, anxiety, and hence a possibility of being involved in criminal activities like drug abuse as their mental health deteriorates and have self guilt blaming oneself for the inability to secure a job. The only ways of dealing with this problem is th e provision of psychotherapy and finally a job opportunity to the victims. Availability of favorable job opportunities on the other hand contributes to positive living as individuals have high self esteem and are optimistic towards various aspects of life. Their health is therefore good as they are able to deal with aspects like depression, which is brought by unemployment and dissatisfaction in life (Goddard, 2003). Conclusion An individual’s life in terms of psychological development and general behavior is determined by various factors for instance a person who faces oppression, sexual harassment, and poor or lack of employment opportunities is likely to be negatively affected psychologically and also may behave in an illogical manner due to low self esteem and hatred towards others. Reference List Goddard, R. (2003). Psychological distress and burnout in Australian employment service workers: two years on. Journal of Employment Counseling. Web. Harris, T., and Holdt, J. ( 1997). Insight about Oppression. Web. Jill, S. L. (2006). Sexual Harassment or Consensual Sexual Relations? Implications for Social Work Education. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 3, Number 2. Web. This research paper on Oppression, Sexual Harassment, and Employment was written and submitted by user J0anna to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included) If you’re familiar with the world of social workers, you know that this isn’t a career path for the faint of heart. It’s one where you are working closely with people who need the most helps)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

About the Tallest Building in the World

About the Tallest Building in the World Tall buildings are everywhere. Since it opened in 2010, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, has been considered the tallest building in the world, BUT... Skyscrapers are being built all around the world. The measured height of new skyscrapers seems to rise every year. Other Supertall and Megatall buildings are on the drawing board. Today the tallest building is in Dubai, but soon the Burj may be second tallest or third or further down the list. What is the tallest building in the world? It depends on who does the measuring and when its built. Skyscraper buffs disagree on whether features like flagpoles, antennae, and spires should be included when measuring building height. Also under dispute is the question of what, exactly, is the definition of a building. Technically, observation towers and communications towers are considered structures, not buildings, because they are not habitable. They do not have residential or office space. Here are the contenders for the worlds tallest: 1. Burj Khalifa It opened on January 4, 2010, and at a soaring 828 meters (2,717 feet), the Burj Khalifa in Dubai is now considered the worlds tallest building. Keep in mind, however, that these statistics include the skyscrapers enormous spire. 2. Shanghai Tower When it opened in 2015, the Shanghai Tower wasnt even close to the height of Burj Dubai, but it readily slipped into place as the second tallest building in the world at 632 meters (2,073 feet). 3. Makkah Clock Royal Tower Hotel The city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia jumped on the skyscraper bandwagon with the 2012 completion of the Fairmont Hotel in the Abraj Al Bait Complex. At 601 meters (1,972 feet), this towering multi-use building is considered the third tallest in the world. The 40 meters (130 feet) four-faced clock atop the tower announces daily prayers and can be seen 10 miles away from this holy city. 4. Ping An Finance Center Completed in 2017, PAFC is yet another skyscraper to be built in Shenzhen, China- China’s first Special Economic Zone. Since 1980, the population of this once-rural community has increased by millions of people, millions of dollars, and millions of square feet of vertical space. At 599 meters high (1,965 feet), its roughly the same height as the Makkah Clock Royal. 5. Lotte World Tower Like PAFC, the Lotte was also completed in 2017 and designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates. It will be in the top 10 highest buildings for a while, at 554.5 meters (1,819 feet). Located in Seoul, Lotte World Tower is the tallest building in South Korea and third tallest in all of Asia. 6. One World Trade Center For a while it was thought that the 2002 plan for Freedom Tower in Lower Manhattan easily would become the worlds tallest building. However, security concerns led designers to scale down their plans. The design of One World Trade Center changed many times between 2002 and when it opened in 2014. Today it rises 541 meters (1,776 feet), but much of that height is in its needle-like spire. The occupied height is a mere 386.6 meters (1,268 feet)- Willis Tower in Chicago and the IFC in Hong Kong are taller when measured in occupied height. Yet, in 2013 the design architect, David Childs, argued that the 1WTC spire was a permanent architectural feature, whose height should be included. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) agreed and ruled that 1WTC would be the third tallest building in the world when it opened in November 2014. Although 1WTC may be New Yorks tallest building for a long time, it already has slipped in global ranking- but so will most of todays completed skyscrapers. Its story will always be included in books about skyscrapers. 7. Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Another Kohn Pedersen Fox-designed Chinese skyscraper, the Chow Thai Fook Finance Centre in the port city of Guangzhou rises 530 meters (1,739 feet) above the Pearl River. Completed in 2016, it is the third tallest skyscraper in China, a country gone wild with building tall in the 21st century. 8. The Taipei 101 Tower Measuring 508 meters (1,667 feet) tall, the Taipei 101 Tower in Taipei, Taiwan was widely considered the worlds  tallest building when it opened back in 2004. But, like the Burj Dubai, the Taipei 101 Tower gets much of its height from a huge spire. 9. Shanghai World Financial Centre Yes, this is the skyscraper that looks like a giant bottle opener. The Shanghai Financial Centre still turns heads, but not only because its more than 1,600 feet high. Its been in the top 10 list of worlds tallest buildings since it opened in 2008. 10. International Commerce Centre (ICC) By 2017, five of the top 10 tallest buildings were in China. The ICC Building, like most of the new skyscrapers on this list, is a multi-use structure that includes hotel space. Built between 2002 and 2010, the Hong Kong building, at 484 meters (1,588 feet) high, will surely slip from the worlds top 10 list, but the hotel will still provide great views! More From the Top 100 Petronas Twin Towers: At one time the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were described as the tallest buildings in the world at 452 meters (1,483 feet). Today they dont even make the top 10 list. Once again, we should look upward- Cesar Pellis Petronas Towers get much of their height from spires and not from usable space. Willis Tower: If you count only habitable space and measure from the sidewalk level of the main entrance to the structural top of the building (excluding flagpoles and spires), then Chicagos Sears Tower (Willis Tower), built in 1974, still ranks among the tallest buildings in the world. Wilshire Grand Center: Up until now, New York City and Chicago have been the two cities to dominate skyscraper height in the U.S. Not anymore. In 2014, the City of Los Angeles changed an old 1974 local rule that mandated rooftop landing pads for emergency helicopters. Now, with a new fire code and construction methods and materials that mitigate earthquake damage, Los Angeles is looking up. The first to rise is the Wilshire Grand Center in 2017. At 335.3 meters (1,100 feet), its on the list of top 100 worlds tallest buildings, but L.A. should be able to get higher than that. Future Contenders Jeddah Tower: In ranking the tallest, do you count buildings that are still being built? Kingdom Tower, also known as Jeddah Tower under construction in Saudi Arabia, is designed to have 167 floors above ground- at a whopping  1,000 meters (3,281 feet) high, Kingdom Tower will be more than 500 feet higher than the Burj Khalifa and more than 1,500 feet higher than 1WTC. The list of 100 future tallest buildings in the world points to 1WTC not even being in the top 20 in a matter of years. Tokyo Sky Tree: Supposing we included spires, flagpoles, and antennae when measuring building heights, it might not make sense to distinguish between buildings and towers when ranking building heights. If we rank all man-made structures, whether or not they contain habitable space, then wed have to give high rankings to the Tokyo Sky Tree  in Japan, measuring 634 meters (2,080 feet). Next in running is Chinas Canton Tower, which measures 604 meters (1,982 feet). Finally, theres the old 1976 CN Tower in Toronto, Canada. Measuring 553 meters (1,815 feet) tall, the iconic CN Tower was the worlds tallest for many years. Source 100 Tallest Completed Buildings in the World by Height to Architectural Top, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings [accessed October 23, 2017]

To Build a Fire by Jack London analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

To Build a Fire by Jack London analyze - Essay Example Various literary devices such as repetition, flashback and irony help reveal the idea that the man in the story is foolish and that his foolishness leads to his death. Repetition is one of the most obvious literary devices employed by London in order to somehow instill in the reader that the man in the story persists in being stubborn about not heeding the repetitive instructions that nature gives him. One of the most recurring statements in the story is â€Å"It certainly was cold† (London). This particular line appears several times throughout the story, is repeatedly rephrased in many parts, and is portrayed in such vivid imageries of cold. One line that particularly refers to this recurring coldness is â€Å"Once in a while the thought reiterated itself that it was very cold† (London). This particular repetition actually serves as a constant reminder for the man in the story to stop or turn back lest it should be too late to avoid death. Nevertheless, the man goes o n and even thinks that the idea of the cold is funny and that trying to survive it is ridiculous: â€Å"What were frosted cheeks? A bit painful, that was all; they were never serious.† (London) Another instance of repetition that demonstrates the man’s folly is â€Å"Fifty degrees below zero was to him just precisely fifty degrees below zero† (London). This particular line shows how literal the man can get when it comes to interpreting the cold temperature. He knows that it is in fact cold but despite the repeating thoughts of coldness, he remains â€Å"without imagination† (London) and he cannot see through the â€Å"significances† of things. (London) Another particular instance of repetition that abounds in the story is found in the following line where the words â€Å"below† and â€Å"zero† are repeated several times somehow for the purpose of reminding this stubborn man that he must either turn back or die: â€Å"In reality, it w as not merely colder than fifty below zero; it was colder than sixty below, than seventy below. It was seventy-five below zero. Since the freezing-point is thirty-two above zero, it meant that one hundred and seven degrees of frost obtained.† (London) Still, the following line with the word â€Å"cold† repeated four times is one more instance where the author finally hints that the man’s foolishness perhaps run in the blood because somehow he has repeatedly ignored nature’s warnings: â€Å"This man did not know cold. Possibly all the generations of his ancestry had been ignorant of cold, of real cold, of cold one hundred and seven degrees below freezing-point.† (London) Moreover, it is also possible that the repetition in the story has the purpose of achieving a sort of â€Å"hypnotic impact† and to â€Å"produce a mood that is at once somber and sinister† (Labor & Hendricks). The idea of coldness repeated several times in the aforemen tioned lines somehow help create this â€Å"somber and sinister† mood, and may even foreshadow the cold death that the man is to experience toward the end of the story. There is also a hint of irony embedded in this repetition. The repetitive mention of the word â€Å"cold† and the other elements of cold somehow â€Å"reinforce the irony of the man’s failure to recognize [the cold’s] ‘extended’ reality† (Pizer). In short, the irony is that regardless of the fact that the

The BISM Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The BISM Case - Essay Example A: The research clearly points out to the needs and attitude of modern day office staff – they want to work in a team environment and at the same time they want a bit of privacy for increased concentration on the job. The essential change in hierarchical to cross-departmental process thinking lies in two important factors namely, a) work execution at lowest possible levels and b) informality in cross-departmental consultations without going through bureaucratic procedures – these indicate productivity at the individual level and teamwork at company-wide, rather than departmental level. These two factors impact the way a modern office and its furniture/equipment are designed. For companies like Knoll, this change in an office environment means a very significant change in the way its products are designed and marketed. Failing to realize such changing demands would mean losing market to better-designed products. A: The five productivity factors revealed in the research work, point to the need for self-contained workstations that offer personalized space, the flexibility of movement and at the same time, a sense of participation in a team atmosphere. Work itself is to be executed with the state-of-the-art computer technology. Furniture and workstation are to be integral to each other. While designing the workstation, care will be taken to understand the space needed for the specific electronic equipment like telephones, computers and peripheral items like printers and stationery items. Equally important will be the free tablespace that is required for off-computer work, using traditional paper and pen/pencil. In other words, the integrity of design with work requirements will be of prime importance. Work requirement may change from time to time and this may involve regrouping of staff to execute a specific project.

Building Factory Essay Example for Free

Building Factory Essay A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position. I am from Saint-Petersburg, Russia. I believe that building a large factory near my community has advantages as well as disadvantages. In the following paragraphs I will list basic benefits and losses that will be brought by a new factory. For several reasons, I think that a new factory will not be a good addition to my neighborhood. First of all, factories often bring pollution. They are prone to contaminating the local air and water. Second of all, factories make noise. Another important aspect of building a new factory near by is that it will make the local traffic heavy. As a result of this, the amount of traffic congestions will increase, as well as contamination of the air. So, all these obviously will not make ones life happier and healthier in my community. From the other side, I believe that a new factory will bring some advantages to my community. First of all, it will bring new job opportunities. Many specialists will be required to work there. Second of all, I think many local community facilities will have to be renovated to obtain reliable supply of water and electricity. So, some old pipes may be changed. Another important benefit of this is that the local roads in order to manage the increasing traffic will be rebuilt and widened. However, I do not think that listed above benefits are worth all these troubles including water contamination and the constant pollution of air. From my point of view all factories must be built far from the people communities because they can be really harmful for peoples health.

Implementation of solution :: Computer Science

Implementation of solution Resources The hardware and the software are the main resource which I have used, in which is essential because one can’t work without the other working. Hardware is the actual pieces of equipment in an information processing system that we can touch and see. Examples are: - Keyboard - Mouse - Printer Software are the programs which are written to assist computer users, they cannot be touched. Examples are: - Data - Memory - Programmes The hardware that I used Pentium three was the system I have used, which has the speed of 1 Giga hertz 512 mega bytes ram (random access memory), 39 Giga bytes hard drive. It also has a sound card, graphic card and network card. A 17 inch monitor, standard floppy drive, a 52x speed CD-ROM and access to the internet. The printer I have used were the colour inkjet X7100 (Lexmark),The mouse and then keyboard input all the information. Here are the peripherals I used: - Keyboard- it is a device, which each and every computer has, which enables the input of data by pressing the precise keys on the keyboard. - Mouse- It is also an input device designed to fit under the palm of a hand while it is being moved around on a table or mat. It is around the size of a human palm and very easy to use. Moving the mouse produces movements of a cursor or a pointer on the monitor screen. It is provided with one, two or three buttons. - Monitor- it is in other words called a screen, in which allows us to see the processed data and it is an input device as well as an output device. For the use of a computer a monitor is needed, so the monitor is a vital part of a computer. - Printer- this is another peripheral device, which produces the hard copy of the document, which I chose on the screen. - Central processing unit (CPU) - of a computer is the main part of the computer. It contains the processor, the main store and various circuits needed to communicate with devices outside it. It is the part, which will process all my data and without this their would be no computer. - Disc drive- this is the part of the computer that allowed me to read the data, which I stored and saved on the floppy disc. - Floppy discs- it is a light, flexible magnetic disc held in a protective jacket, which is easily transportable unlike the hard drive that cannot be moved from one place to another. This is a form of backing up data and allows me to save data, which I find very

Substandard Patient Care of Health Care Delivery

Substandard Patient Care of Health Care Delivery Substandard patient care is a term often used to describe health care agencies failure to meeting in an appropriate manner the health care needs of the community served. Substandard patient care of health care delivery may include a poor organizational behavior style, which can interfere with compliance requirements and regulations that govern the health care practice and services delivery. A country’s public health system has as a main function to provide health services to all its population.The American health system has evolved differently compare to the other rich industrialized countries’ health systems. The United States’ lack of a system of health insurance that covers the entire population makes the health care system; a system of privilege for some and disadvantage for others. Patients who cannot afford buying a private health insurance policy have to rely on volunteer organizations for preventive care. I n the worst of the cases patients may end up in an emergency room and occasionally become a victim of discrimination because they have no resources to pay for the services.In regard to these facts, the following information aims to describe hospital emergency rooms compliance with standards of services. Discuss the emergency health care delivery component’s role in providing services in compliance with standardized requirements and how it contributes to the management of health care delivery. Professional Experience with Substandard Patient Care Three months ago, I was working as a volunteer in a hospital emergency room providing medical interpretation services. During this particular occasion, I noticed that a patient arrived to the emergency room with a referral from other hospital’s emergency room.One can expect a patient coming to an emergency room with a referral from a private practitioner who may not have the needed equipment to treat a patient on site. However, a referral from other emergency room makes one speculate why a hospital would refer the patient if emergency rooms within most hospitals can provide the same types of services. One of the nurses on duty explained that for some hospital, referring patients to other emergency rooms is not an uncommon practice for some hospitals in Chicago, IL.Besides, the nurse said: â€Å"such practice does not meet standards of care. † The worst part she continued is that â€Å"there is a well-known law that prevents patients dumping practices. † I recalled a recent article published in the Chicago Tribune in April 2009. According to the Chicago Tribune article, some not for profit hospitals provide patients who arrive to their emergency rooms with discharge slips, prescriptions, and even Yahoo and Google maps to arrive to Stroger, Jr. Hospital, former Cook County Hospital.The Tribune staff interviewed the hospitals’ officials; they denied that they sent patients to Strogerâ₠¬â„¢s ER. Hospital staff said that they offer the patients a choice what hospital to go to complete their treatment. However, the Tribune obtained a discharge slip from a patient with a broken jaw that said â€Å"Go to Cook County Hospitals immediately. † Another discharged slip from a man with a tumor â€Å"Go to Cook County ER to be evaluated for admission. † A third referral slip from a woman said â€Å"Follow up at Cook County Hospital for uterine tumor surgery. Rejecting patients in emergency rooms present serious ethical issues for the institution and for the physicians who work in the hospitals. Some advocates argue that nonprofit organizations are not doing enough to provide services to the medically needy (Japsen & Grotto, 2009). The Nurse I met at the emergency room mentioned a law that prevent hospitals rejecting patients, she was speaking of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986 (EMTALA). My research about EMTALA laws confirmed what the nurse in the emergency room stated.The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) regulations have been in existence since 1986, last amended in 2000-2003. EMTALA governs the process of providing medical attention and the denial and transfer of a patient to another hospital if the patient is still in an unstable condition (Legal Information Institute, 2009). The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986 (EMTALA) prevents hospitals from denying services to uninsured patients who arrive to an emergency room. The law is also known as the Patient Anti-Dumping Act.EMTALA is a federal law that imposes the duty to all hospitals emergency staff to provide the appropriate screening and treatment to any patient who may arrive to a hospital emergency room requesting emergency care. EMTALA applies only to hospitals that have a contractual agreement and payments come from the Department of Health and Human Services and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services under the Medicare program. Care must be accessible to patients even though the patient’s primary insurance may be through Medicare or Medicaid.The medical screening must be sufficient for all patients regardless of their ability to pay (Legal Information Institute, 2009). How Substandard Care Relates to Quality Care For hospitals, failing to provide emergency services place the institutions in the line of substandard patient care of health care delivery. Denying health emergency services is a discriminatory practice, which disqualify hospitals for meeting high standards of care. In health care services delivery, discrimination goes beyond racial and ethnic issues.A person seeking emergency care services or medical attention can be a victim of discrimination and services denied simply because he or she lacks resources to pay for services. Rejecting to treat a patient in an emergency room relates to an institution’s standards of quality of care but not in the good term. In fact, denying health services to a patient regardless of the reasons meets the criteria to define poor quality of care or substandard care because fails the main purpose of health care delivery. Furthermore, a health services consumer who does not received appropriate care services cannot experience patient’s satisfaction.Parrington, Haeuser, & Barto (2005) stated about patients satisfaction: â€Å"Patient satisfaction is identified as an important quality outcome indicator of health care in the hospital setting† (P. 23). Conclusion Health care is a rapidly evolving field and it has gone through many significant challenges to provide effective health services to all patients across all levels of health care The costs of health care have undeniably been increased, affecting accessibility and affordability of services to some sectors of the population.Mostly everyone within the United States is affected by healthcare costs including individuals, businesses, healthcar e workers, and facilities. Healthcare costs are rising faster than the rate of inflation, leaving many people in society no other choice but to discontinue coverage and refrain from doctor visits and medical checkups needed throughout a lifetime. The wealth of a country should be shown by the health of its citizens, but the opposite is happening. In a changing economy, the U. S. ealthcare system is less able to assist in the health needs of its people. Healthcare institution should play a better role within the community and adopt better ethical practices. References Frew, S. (2009, May). Federal Court allows case to proceed on Physician claim of EMTALA Retaliation. Retrieved October 11, 2009, from http://www. medlaw. com/healthlaw/EMTALA/courtcases/federal-court-allows-case to proceed-on-physician-. shtml Japsen, B. & Grotto, J. (2009). Are hospitals passing off their low-profit  patients?Chicago Tribune, April 10, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2009, from chicagotribune. com. Lega l Information Institute (2009). EMTALA. Retrieved November 9, 2009, from www. emtala. com/law/index. html. Parrington, M. , Denny, D. , Haeuser, J. , & Barto, J. (2005). GO the Distance. Marketing Health Services, 25(4), 20-24. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Retrieved November, 10 2009, from University of Phoenix, HCS 427-Health Care Management Strategies, Course materials.

Antacid Report

Testing the Effectiveness of Commercial based Antacids Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine, by testing several dissolved commercial antacid solutions, which can best neutralize acid and is the most effective for heartburn. Hypothesis: If all three different types of Antacid were tested and neutralized with the Hydrochloric acid, then the one that would be the most effective antacid would be the TUM’s Ultra Strength Calcium because it is larger and because it is Ultra Strength, it should be more effective. Materials †¢Compliment Extra Strength Antacid Tablet †¢TUMS Life Ultra Strength Calcium Antacid Tablet †¢Goggles †¢Thymol Blue †¢Mortar and Pestle †¢Beakers †¢pH probe †¢Clamp †¢Retort Stand †¢Pipette-Graduated †¢Hydrochloric Acid(HCl) †¢Distilled Water †¢pH 4 solution Procedure- 1. All the materials were gathered/assembled. 2. The clamp was secured onto the Retort stand, 3. The pH probe was then at tached to the clamp and secured tightly 4. With the pH 4 solution, the pH probe was calibrated properly according to SNC2D0 standards 5. One antacid tablet was weighed with the scale and the result was recorded 6. Step 5 was repeated for the other two antacid tablet brands used. 7.Once each tablet was weighed, they were then crushed and grinded with the mortar and pestle and each put in their respective beaker 8. 25 Millilitres of distilled water was then added to each beaker and stirred gentle until a milky solution was made 9. One solution of the antacid’s was taken to the Tort stand and the pH probe was lowered into the solution 10. 4-6 Drops of Thymol Blue was put into the solution with the pipette, or as many drops was needed to indicate a color change. 11. As indicated on the pH probe, the pH of the solution was recorded down 12. Using the pipette, Hydrochloric Acid was gathered; inside the pipette 13.Individual drops of the Hydrochloric acid were then added, each drop added was recorded on the table 14. At the same time as the drops added, the solution was continually stirred with the stirrer 15. Drops of HCl were added to the solution until the pH recorded by the pH probe says 2 or the solution is clear red. 16. The number of drops added were recorded on the table 17. Steps 9-16 were then repeated with the other two solutions of Antacids Observations Table 1: TUM’s Ultra Strength reactions to Hydrochloric Acid Drops Quantitive Observations-pHQualitive ObservationsBefore adding of Hydrochloric acid6. 8 pHOrange, milky, opaque 25 Drops of Hydrochloric acid5. 5 pHGrainy, Opaque, white 50 Drops of Hydrochloric acid4. 5 pHFizzing, grainy, opaque, white 75 Drops of Hydrochloric acid4. 1 pHFizzing, grainy, opaque, white 100 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 9 pHSlight increase in clarity, fizzing more, less grainy 125 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 4 pHLess grainy, less white, fizzing less 150 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 4 pHTranslucent, fizzing less 158 Drops of Hydrochloric acid1. 8 pHClear, translucent, grains at the bottom, stopped fizzing, slightly pinkTable 2: Life Ultra Strength Reactions to Hydrochloric Acid drops Quantitive Observations-pHQualitive Observations Before adding of Hydrochloric acid8. 8 pHMushy, translucent, white 25 Drops of Hydrochloric acid5. 5 pHOpaque, white, slight yellow 50 Drops of Hydrochloric acid5. 0 pHPrecipitate forming, white, milky 75 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 6 pHPrecipitate more visible, solid, white, 100 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 7 pHSolid separating from liquid 125 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 4 pHSlight pink in color, translucent 7liquid 150 Drops of Hydrochloric acid1. pHPink shade in color, solid separated and on top of liquid, Gaseous smell coming Table 3: Compliments Extra Strength reaction to Hydrochloric Acid drops Quantitive Observations-pHQualitive Observations Before adding of Hydrochloric acid7. 9 pHGreen, grainy, solids at the bottom, opaque 25 Drops of Hydrochloric acid 5. 3 pHPrecipitate forming on top, green, opaque 50 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 0 pHMore liquidous, transparent 75 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 0 pHLiquid state, transparent, top is solid/precipitate Table 4: Neutralizing ability of the Antacids Product nameNeutralizing abilityTUM’s Ultra Strength79 Life Ultra Strength68. 2 Compliments Extra Strength37. 5 Analysis: I am able to make a few generalizations due to the course of these results. It can be said that TUMs has the highest neutralization ability, as it took the most amount of drops to bring the pH level to two. It is also said Compliments has the lowest neutralization level, as it took the least amount of acid to bring the level to two. Discussion: 1. I believe the most effective antacid tablet of the experiment would be the TUM's Ultra Strength, opposed to the Life Ultra strength, and the Compliment's Extra Strength.I say this because even though the TUM's ultra strength did have the lowest pH of the three tablets, t he tablet did however take more Hcl than the other tablets to go to 2 pH—158 drops of Hcl, thus effectively neutralized the acid for the longest of time. Life Ultra did however become very close to TUM's, with exactly 150 drops of Hcl to bring the pH to two. 2. The TUM's and the Life Ultra both had 1000 mg of calcium carbonate and then because of that, they lasted longer than the Compliment's extra which only had 750 mg of calcium carbonate. 3. In the TUM's, the orange color changed to white when the acid was introduced; in the LifeUltra, the white color changed to a light yellow shade. These changes happened because the pH level changed in the process of adding the acid, thus making the indicator change colors. 4. It was necessary to continually stir the acid because the acid must be properly distributed in the base solution; if you didn't stir the solution, the acid would stay in that place and would not react with the other parts of the basic solution, leading to an inaccu rate neutralization. Thus stirring would ensure a higher rate of accuracy. 5. It was stopped at 2 pH because of the pH environment needed to simulate.The experiment was the effectiveness of Antacids on the human stomach, and since the normal pH of a stomach is 2 pH, it was needed to be brought down to 2 pH to simulate that same environment. 6. I would like an antacid to be able to dissolve over a period of time. I would like this because then the effects would be able to last longer if the heartburn is damaging enough. If the effects were too quick, then the heartburn could start up and then it would be a wasted effort; with the Antacid that stays, it controls the pH properly. 7. Liquid medicines and Solid medicines both have advantages over each other.Liquid medicines are that they are quick to react and start working and they easily absorbed; they can be drunk. Solid medicines however are predesigned, so it is hard to take a wrong dosage with them, while kitchen utensils holding t he liquid medicine can easily over or under measure. 8. I would have to consider the strength of the tablet; if I don’t have chronic heartburn, I wouldn't need such a strong antacid. I would have to consider my age and BMI; if I am young, I wouldn’t want to take a higher daily dosage, and if I’m bigger I would need a larger daily dosage. 9.There are various strengths and weaknesses associated with this experiment, as well as a few errors that could have arisen. One of the errors that could have arisen is the antacid pill and mixture was not crushed and mixed properly, which could lead to inaccurate answers and inaccurate distribution of acid. Another error would be that the mixture was stirred inaccurately or improperly, which could lead to more inaccurate results as the acid is misdistributed. The strengths of this lab are that it gives the students a closer and more interactive way of showing the differences and the usage of antacids and also of HCl acid.A wea kness for this experiment could be that if not done properly, results can be misconstrued and biased, thus leading to bad results. Conclusion: The purpose of this lab was to show the different reactions of commercial antacids and to which is more effective as an Antacid. In the various antacid experiments, the TUM’s Ultra Strength required the more drops of HCl per gram than the Life Ultra Strength and Compliments Extra Strength. This shows that is able to last longer in an acidic environment and neutralize it properly. Thus TUM’s ultra strength would be the better Antacid.

A Guide to Writing Recommendation Letters

A Guide to Writing Recommendation Letters A recommendation letter is a type of letter that provides a written reference and recommendation for inclusion. If you write a recommendation letter for someone else, you are essentially vouching for that person and saying that you believe in him or her in some way. Components of a Recommendation Letter Every recommendation letter should include three key components:A paragraph or sentence that explains how you know this person and the duration of your relationship with them.An evaluation of the person and their skills/accomplishments. If possible offer specific examples that illustrate the person’s strengths and qualifications. These examples should be brief but detailed.A summary that explains why you would recommend this person and to what degree you would recommend them.​ Who Needs a Recommendation Letter? Recommendation letters are generally used by students applying to undergraduate and graduate education programs and by people in the workforce who are applying for jobs. For example: Individuals who are applying to business school or an MBA program typically needs to two three recommendations that explain why they are a good candidate for business school. The recommendation might explain why they have leadership potential or how they have succeeded in past academic or business pursuits.  Some scholarship programs require applicants to submit recommendations to support their scholarship application. This is most common in merit-based programs that award scholarships based on academic merit, volunteer experience, etc.  A job seeker may also need a written professional reference  or recommendation that explains or supports the reasons why the job seeker is a good candidate for a particular position or company. These letters tend to focus on professional qualifications.   Before You Write a Recommendation Letter At some point in your life, you may need to write a recommendation letter for a former employee, co-worker, student, or someone else that you know well.  Writing a recommendation letter for another person is a large responsibility and should be taken very seriously. Before you agree to the task, make sure you have a clear understanding of what the letter will be used for and who will be reading it. This will make it easier for you to write for your audience. You should also make sure that you know what kind of information is being expected from you. For example, someone might need a letter highlighting their leadership experience, but if you dont know anything about that persons leadership capability or potential, youre going to have a hard time coming up with something to say. Or if they need a letter about their work ethic and you submit something about their ability to work well in teams, the letter wont be very helpful. If you feel that you can not properly convey the necessary information, because youre busy or dont write well, offer to sign a letter that has been drafted by the person who is requesting the reference. This is a very common practice and often works well for both parties. However, before you sign something written by someone else, make sure that the letter honestly reflects your true opinion. You should also keep a copy of the final letter for your records. What to Include in a Recommendation Letter The content of  the recommendation letter that you write will depend upon the needs of the person who is requesting the letter, but there are some common topics that are typically addressed in recommendation letters for job and education program applicants: Potential (such as leadership potential)Skills/Abilities/Strengths  DependabilityConsistencePersistenceMotivationCharacterContributions (to class or community)Accomplishments​ Sample Recommendation Letters You should never copy content from another recommendation letter; the letter that you write should be fresh and original. However, looking at a few sample recommendation letters is a good way to get inspiration for the letter that you are writing. Sample letters can help you to better understand the components of a letter and the types of things that typical recommenders focus on when writing a recommendation for a job seeker, college applicant, or graduate school candidate.

Megalania - Facts and Figures

Megalania - Facts and Figures Name: Megalania (Greek for giant roamer); pronounced MEG-ah-LANE-ee-ah Habitat: Plains of Australia Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-40,000 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 25 feet long and 2 tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; powerful jaws; splayed legs About Megalania Aside from crocodiles, very few prehistoric reptiles after the age of dinosaurs achieved enormous sizesone notable exception being Megalania, also known as the Giant Monitor Lizard. Depending on whose reconstruction you believe, Megalania measured anywhere from 12 to 25 feet from head to tail and weighed in the neighborhood of 500 to 4,000 poundsa wide discrepancy, to be sure, but one that would still put it in a heftier weight class than the largest lizard alive today, the Komodo Dragon (a relative lightweight at only 150 pounds). Even though it was discovered in southern Australia, Megalania was described by the famous English naturalist Richard Owen, who in 1859 also created its genus and species name (Megalania prisca, Greek for great ancient roamer). However, modern paleontologists believe that the Giant Monitor Lizard should properly be classified under the same genus umbrella as modern monitor lizards, Varanus. The result is that professionals refer to this giant lizard as Varanus priscus, leaving it to the public to wield the nickname Megalania. Paleontologists speculate that Megalania was the apex predator of Pleistocene Australia, feasting at leisure on mammalian megafauna like Diprotodon (better known as the Giant Wombat) and Procoptodon (the Giant Short-Faced Kangaroo). The Giant Monitor Lizard would have been relatively immune from predation itself unless it happened to spar with two other predators that shared its late Pleistocene territory: Thylacoleo, the Marsupial Lion, or the Quinkana, a 10-foot-long, 500-pound crocodile. (Given its splay-legged posture, it seems unlikely that Megalania could have outrun more fleet-footed mammalian predators, especially if these furry assassins decided to gang up for the hunt.) One interesting fact about Megalania is that its the largest identified lizard ever to have lived on our planet. If that makes you do a double-take, remember that Megalania technically belongs to the order Squamata, placing it on an entirely different branch of evolution than plus-sized prehistoric reptiles like dinosaurs, archosaurs, and therapsids. Today, Squamata is represented by close to 10,000 species of lizards and snakes, including Megalanias modern descendants, the monitor lizards. Megalania is one of the few giant Pleistocene animals the demise of which cant be traced directly to early humans; the Giant Monitor Lizard was probably doomed to extinction by the disappearance of the gentle, herbivorous, oversized mammals that early Australians preferred to hunt instead. (The first human settlers arrived on Australia about 50,000 years ago.) Since Australia is such a huge and uncharted landmass, there are some people who believe that Megalania still lurks in the interior of the continent, but there isnt a shred of evidence to support this view!

Post Colonial Lit & A Small Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Post Colonial Lit & A Small Place - Essay Example With no power to launch a counter attack on any fronts, Antiguans just succumbed to the pressure. The natural process of cultural development of Antigua came to a dead halt. The nation lost the equilibrium. The power of colonization is so intense that it has the capacity to totally obliterate any culture that it encounters on the way and it leads to economic, cultural, and social and above all the slavery of the minds of the people. That is true of Antigua. The British had created a rosy picture of standard of life before the combustible younger generation of Antigua. The local populace had been experiencing for hundreds of years the impact of British culture, tradition and power and the process of slow subversion continued. The middle class was attracted by the promises and wealth-generating capability of the capitalist state like Britain. As for morals, the British were no match as compared to the standard of Antiguans. The presence of the British in different segments in the life of Antiguans is being experienced, even when they have left the country for good. Indirect colonization in the segments of culture and economy is going on unabated and unchecked, unfortunately though. Kincaid treats the arrival of the tourist the post-colonial era in Antigua in an interesting and thought-provoking style. She articulates that the tourist does not arrive with an intention to exploit. But he does expect to be treated in a preferential manner. Is it superiority complex? It is so; even though the tourist may not say it openly. He has come to a country to spend his disposable wealth and to enjoy. How do the locals react to the arrival of the tourists in their country? Kincaid explains their attitude with lots of sarcasm: â€Å"An ugly thing, that is what you are when you become a tourist, an ugly empty thing, a stupid thing, a piece of rubbish pausing here and there to gaze at this and taste that, and it will never occur to you that the people who inhabit the place in wh ich you have just paused cannot stand you, that behind their closed doors they laugh at your strangeness.†(17)The host country, lacks in the areas of industrial development and other wealth-generating infrastructure, wants such tourists, as they bring money and employment to the locals. So, the tourism industry does not have a national goal or destination in Antigua. It develops like a service industry to cater to the ethnocentric demands on this country and contributing to the further advancement of cultural colonialism. Colonists are ruling from outside, without the liability of the governance of the territory of Antigua. This is a small but intimidating book, which sets the sociologists, economists and the politicians thinking. She provides the under-represented version of what happened in Antigua, which is also true of most of the colonized countries. She attacks the Europeans viciously for all the evil they heaped upon the people of Antigua, and she has own perspective of judging the past and visualizing the present and the future. She tones town her attack and makes the realistic assessment about the plight of the people of Antigua thus: â€Å"Of course, the whole thing is, once you cease to be a master, once you throw off your master's yoke, you are no longer human rubbish, you are just a human being, and all the things that adds up to. So, too with the

Two Kinds and Everyday Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Kinds and Everyday Use - Essay Example The mother sees being in America a tremendous opportunity to succeed in life, as when she said, â€Å"of course, you can be a prodigy too.† This is synonymous with her dreams of making it big in America and be a success in life through her own daughter. In fact, she believed anyone can be anything what one wanted in America (open a nice restaurant and be an entrepreneur or be self-employed, work in government and get a good salary and a good retirement package too, buy a house with little or no down payment at all, to get rich, or to become famous). In other words, the conflict between the mother and daughter in this story is that of the clash of cultural norms, attitudes, and values in which the mother saw the need to work hard to be successful while the daughter sees it differently. Her daughter wanted to be left alone, so to speak, to pursue her own desires and dreams, to be not dictated by anybody, not even her mother. Their personal conflict is intensified due to this cultural difference, in which the two of them are working on different paradigms (or mindset). In other words, the title â€Å"Two Kinds† could mean an entirely different thing, that of two worlds, China and the United States (Bloom, 2009, p. 2). In the case of Maggie, people would naturally be sympathetic to her because of what had happened to her. She got burn scars when their house burned down, which some readers had suspected to be set by Dee because she intensely disliked their old and run-down house of which she is ashamed to even invite her own friends over to their old house. Besides, the character of Maggie is that of a shy girl, introverted and demure to the extent she did not bother to attend the school in their area to get a proper education. In a sense, she is the epitome of what a good kind of daughter that every mother wants a daughter to be, one who is obedient and submissive. The character

Educate parent attending accidebt emergency how to manage childs fever Research Proposal

Educate parent attending accidebt emergency how to manage childs fever at home - Research Proposal Example Managing childhood fever, will aid reduce various parental complaints for fever and reduce the chances of children death or complications resulting from unmanaged fever. Ways of maintaining fever at home Parents determine their children fever via behavioral changes they mainly link to fever. Parents realize immunological advantageous impacts linked to fever and some belief that fever is harmful and causes brain damage and convulsion of febrile. Therefore, to prevent adverse effects of fever, parents must monitor body temperatures of their children, use antipyretics, ensure their children wear light clothing and wash them with cold water or tepid. When a baby has a bacterial or viral infection, it is obvious for him to develop a fever and the fever will not harm the child, (Douglas 23). Children under the age of six months should seek medical attention while older children may be treated at home. Nevertheless, they should be presented to the hospital for medical attention if the fever last over two days. Methods of taking a child’s temperature There are various ways of taking a child’s temperature at home, for instance, rectal, oral (mouth), under the armpit and in the ear (tympanic). The correct method depends on the age of the child. The parent should ensure that the measurements are accurate. For example, using rectal method is the most accurate way, but most children under the age of two do not like this method. Even though, using axillary method is not extremely precise, it may help parents to know whether their children have fever, (Berger, Ann, John and Roenn 41). Temperature management Conventional treatment Various over the counter medications can be administered to manage fever at home, for instance, acetaminophen, aspirin and ibuprofen. Parents should avoid aspirin use because aspirin may lead to adverse side effects, such as fatal Reye’s syndrome leading to inflammation of the brain and vomiting. Parents can manage their children ’s fever by utilizing a cold sponge, and encouraging their children to take increased amounts of cold liquids like ice pops. It is healthy to give young children increased amounts of fluids contain electrolytes because fever quickly dehydrates them. The cold liquids aids cool the body and keep the baby hydrated. One can also use a fan. Always set the fan at minimal setting and direct it to have the air circulation around the child and avoid blowing the air directly to him, (Douglas 26). Additionally, reduce clothing layers so that the baby can lose increased eat easily through the skin. In addition, dress that baby in light clothing and let her stay indoors or under shade to reduce body temperature. Similarly, parents can manage fever in children by giving their children a lukewarm spongy bath. The body cools as the water evaporates from the skin, thus the body temperature lowers. For instance, if the body temperatures are too high, place a wet or damp piece of cloth on the f orehead of a child as she rests. In addition, the parent should ensure that the child gets enough rest. Since fever is because of a potential infection, a child’s body requires plenty of rest or sleep to fight off the agent causing the infection. Experts agree also that having fever makes a child feel exhausted and achy. Therefore, during this period, parents should motivate the children to have plenty of rest

SONY Marketing Management Techniques

SONY Marketing Management Techniques Introduction Strategic marketing management techniques are methods used by the management of a company to evaluate and deploy the marketing strategies that the company requires to maintain a competitive edge against its direct rivals. Seeing as marketing is the use of key information about customers, products and markets to properly assess the suitability of providing a certain service or product it is imperative upon any contemporary business to maintain cutting edge marketing research techniques. This is especially the case when considering the role marketing techniques play in allowing a company to change, evolve or diversify the key directions of their services and/ or products in the market. In a similar vein, it is also imperative upon businesses to maintain a tight control on the performance of their marketing strategies. There has been much academic interest in this aspect of performance and with good reason a faulty marketing strategy, if not addressed swiftly and efficiently by a robust performance management team will result in catastrophic consequences. There are a number of methods that can offer key marketing performance parameters but one of the main methods is the collection and analysis of core data from the market in which the service or product of the company is competing. One could make the case that the entire enterprise of measuring the marketing performance of a product depends on the companys ability to collect and accurately analyse the appropriate data. Finally, an accurate picture of the performance of a company can be attained through the use of a business scorecard. This is a method of business performance review that has gained in greater exposure and use over the last few decades and has now become an integral part of the performance management teams repertoire of business tools to evaluate the the success of the company and its products/ services against its competitors. The business scorecard typically is a tool that provides a single parameter of success succinctly such that an accurate assessment of the position of a product in the market can be accessibly gained without delving into the details. This tool of course does not replace existing performance barometers but provides a different function of a quick and simple success rating. This report will focus on Sony as an organisation that involves these marketing factors especially the Sony PS3, a video game console that will provide a microcosm of the larger company at work. Sony is a multinational company that specialises in audio, video and entertainment products. It has an established market reputation and expertise in the video console games entertainment industry. The Sony PlayStation 3 is the third console that Sony has released and with each of its two previous products Sony was able to maintain a staggeringly dominant market share. This position is the backdrop to the release of the Sony PlayStation 3, an eagerly awaited console by a massively loyal fan base, and the marketing strategies deployed, the techniques used, the performance reviews established and the scorecard indicators analysed will be the crux of this report. Strategic Marketing Techniques deployed There are a number of techniques used by marketing management teams to ascertain a marketing strategy and direction. One of the most basic and yet most widely used of all marketing techniques is the use of the marketing mix by detailing the four Ps Price, Product, Placement and Promotion. Each of these four parameters give the company critical information on the best method to market its new product. The product that Sony wished to market was its PlayStation 3. This product was a continuation of the Sony PlayStation 2 and the original Sony PlayStation. This product was to be released into a well established and mature industry that had three direct competitors the Nintendo Wii and the Microsoft X-box 360. Both Nintendo and Microsoft had been in direct competition with Sony before and both have fared badly. Nintendo competed against the original Sony PlayStation with its N64 console but didnt manage to make any headway into Sonys market share. Microsoft competed against the PS2 with its own X-Box console but again Sony was able to maintain the lions share of the market. So much so that the X-Box only sold 24 million consoles to the approximately 120m sold by Sony.  [1]  These are the market conditions that the PS3 was conceived in and the key aim of the PS3 was to maintain the market share of Sony while delivering the cutting edge in gaming technology above and beyond that wh ich its competitors offered. Sony marketed the PS3 with a premium pricing strategy and there were a number of reasons to adopt this position. The PS3, when it was released represented the best console in gaming history. In fact the PS3 was released many months later than its direct competition of the 360 and Wii because it was developed to such a high standard. To give a comparison, the 360 has three processing units all running at 3.2 GHz, the PS3 in comparison has seven of the same processing units.  [2]  This is a vast difference in computing power and thus required far more time to research and develops the console. This extreme power and computing capability was thought to be recoverable through the pricing of the PS3 by Sony and it is easy to see why. The PS3 entered the market to huge expectation and just as huge a fan base loyally waiting to buy the console. The company felt it was a good ploy to price the PS3 at a premium level in direct contrast to both the Wii and the 360. The Wii and the 360 were under-priced by their respective companies so as to attempt to flood the market, so to speak, and gain higher sales through cheaper products. Sony decided to go the opposite way and priced their product highly because they felt they had enough consumers to bank on to buy their console and enough interest from game developers to coerce serious gamers into purchasing the PS3. The PS3 was first released in Japan and then worldwide. Seeing as Sony is originally a Japanese company and that its biggest customer base was in Japan this made complete sense. The 360 in comparison was first released in the USA where it had its own customer base. These strategies are easy to understand because they both play to the strengths of the respective companies and allow both to develop further commitment amongst their biggest customer repository if this strategy does well in their respective home markets then they can be certain to do well in foreign and worldwide markets also. Sony is choosing the best marketing strategy available to it in terms of placement of the product. Sony is in an enviable position when it comes to promoting their product. Seeing as a console itself is no more than a channel and a conduit of games, all Sony can offer is an exceptional messenger between the game and the gamer. The real promotion of a console occurs in the line up of games and the gaming experience it can offer and in this regard Sony has some of the biggest games producers signed exclusively to produce for its console. Games of the calibre of Gran Turismo 5, Metal Gear Solid 4 and Final Fantasy IV are all signed exclusively to the PS3 and offer a gaming experience that is of the highest quality in their respective genres. This promotion of the PS3 is indirect but highly effective. As an example, serious racing gamers will be hard pressed not to buy a PS3 just to experience Gran Turismo 5 which is undoubtedly one of the best games in the entire genre, if not the best. Apart from this, the PS3 had the success of the previous consoles as indirect promotion as well s eeing as the PS2 commanded upwards of a 70% share of its market, Sony had a great headstart upon its competition in providing the next generation of gaming, it had reputable expertise in the matter.  [3]   Marketing Performance Management and the Business Scorecard There are many performance tools that can be used by a management team to assess the marketing strategies employed for its product. This report will focus on one such tool the business scorecard. As mentioned earlier, the business scorecard allows the management team to know quickly and simply the success of a certain product it is a critical tool in the current business world and if not used by Sony, then certainly should be. The business scorecard allows for instant feedback on the performance of a product and is thus especially useful in a mature and sophisticated industry such as the video game consoling one undoubtedly is. The Sony PS3 suffered from well documented problems when it first entered the market a year later than its competitors. As with any new console, game developers are often unsure about how to utilise the computing power of a machine and it is not unusual to see the quality of games improve dramatically in the second or third year of the console once it has been through its teething problems. Unfortunately for the PS3 both of its competitors had already been through this stage and real quality games were being developed for them while the PS3 was slow to the market and grossly over-priced in comparison and thus unable to compete with either console because of its inferior games and higher price tag its greater computing power didnt mean much until games could be developed to utilise the raw power. In this case, it seemed the marketing strategy of the PS3 was not working and the marketing management team had to find a solution or risk losing their market share. The solution offered and finally implemented was a reduction in the pricing of the PS3 so as to allow the console to compete directly with the other consoles on even ground and to win back its customer base. This was a simple and efficient marketing manoeuvre that could have been made through the use of a business performance tool such as a business scorecard. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to say that there are many factors which contribute to an effective marketing strategy and the marketing team need to be able to use the correct techniques and the correct performance tools to be able to analyse and sell their product successfully. The Sony PS3 was effectively marketed taking into account its high computing power, loyal customer base and the exclusive games it had to offer. However, seeing as the timing of the console lagged behind its competitors an effective performance appraisal tool was required to remedy the situation and that is exactly what occurred Sony was able to change its marketing strategy and continue to be a world leader in its market.